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| 基于MaxEnt模型的公路路域亚洲象栖息地适宜性评价 |
| Assessment of Asian elephant habitat suitability using the MaxEnt model |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-03 修订日期：2024-06-18 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 亚洲象 栖息地适宜性评价 道路干扰指数 思小与思澜高速公路 MaxEnt模型 |
| 英文关键词: Asian elephant Habitat suitability assessment road disturbance index SiXiao and SiLan Expressways MaxEnt model |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB2600104),世界自然基金会项目(A000500),云南省高校重点实验室开放基金（2022-ZD-02）,湖南省普通高校教改项目(HNJG-2020-0481) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 交通建设严重影响了路域亚洲象活动及其栖息地完整性，路域亚洲象栖息地适宜性评价既是协调交通建设与亚洲象保护的重要技术基础，也是研究的热点难点之一。本文以思茅-小勐养高速公路（简称“思小高速公路”）和思茅-澜沧高速公路（简称“思澜高速公路”）沿线10 km范围为典型区，考虑交通建设和人类活动对亚洲象的影响作用，提出了道路干扰指数的计算方法，并从活动场所、食物水源、景观格局和人类干扰四个方面选取10个评价因子，建立了路域亚洲象栖息地适宜性评价指标体系，结合野外调查数据，采用MaxEnt模型进行路域亚洲象栖息地适宜性评价，并分析其影响因素。结果表明：1）亚洲象最适栖息地面积为611.95 km2，占研究区总面积的17.54%，主要分布在南邦河流域、西双版纳保护区和普文镇附近，植被以常绿阔叶林、混交林为主，有充足的水源和食物，河流两边的沟谷、平地有利于亚洲象迁移；2）在影响亚洲象栖息地分布的10个因子中，坡度、海拔是主控因子，其对栖息地适宜性评价模型的贡献率分别为29.3、24.6，亚洲象栖息地多位于海拔800 m ~ 1100 m且坡度小于15°的低山缓坡地带；3）道路干扰和人类活动与亚洲象栖息地适宜性呈现负相关性关系，其影响程度随着距道路和人类活动区域距离的增加而减小。研究成果路域亚洲象及其栖息地保护提供科学依据，为云南热带雨林区交通建设与运营管理中亚洲象保护提供技术支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Traffic construction has a great impact on the habitat integrity of the Asian elephant. Analysis of the main factors affecting the habitat suitability of the Asian elephant is conducive to the protection of the Asian elephant and its habitat. With the example of 10 km buffer of Simao-Xiaomengyang Expressway (Sixiao Expressway) and Simao-Lancang Expressway (Silan Expressway). Considering the influence of road engineering on Asian elephants, a calculation method of road disturbance index was proposed, and 10 factors were selected from the four aspects of activity sites, food and water sources, landscape pattern and human disturbance to establish a habitat suitability evaluation index system for Asian elephants in road areas. Using field survey data, coupled 3S technology and MAXENT model to the Habitat suitability assessment. The results show that: 1) The optimal habitat area of Asian elephant is 611.95 km2, accounting for 17.54% of the total area of the study area, and it is mainly distributed in the Nanbang River basin, Xishuangbanna Protected Area and near Puwen. The vegetation is dominated by evergreen broad-leaved forest and mixed forest, with sufficient water and food, and the gullies and plains on both sides of rivers and streams are also conducive to Asian elephant migration. 2) Among the 10 factors affecting the habitat distribution of Asian elephants, slope and elevation are the most important factors determining the habitat distribution of Asian elephants, and the model contribution rates are 29.3 and 24.6, respectively. Asian elephants prefer to live and inhabit areas between 800 m and 1100 m above sea level with slopes of less than 15°. 3) Road disturbance and human activities were negatively correlated with the habitat suitability of Asian elephants as a whole, and the impact degree decreased with the increase of the distance from the road or human activity area. The evaluation of suitable habitat of Asian elephant in road area and analysis of its influencing factors can provide theoretical guidance for subsequent road planning and construction, and promote the protection of Asian elephant population and its habitat. |
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