In order to reveal the internal stress field of coal containing gas - gas field - fissure field three field coupled relationship between the damage and fracture mechanism. The elastic mechanics, damage mechanics and gas seepage theory were used, the damage variable were established for description of coal body in effective stress field change of fissure field, at the same time the damage variables on the in vivo effect of the porosity of coal and coal mass injury after effective stress equation were presented. According to the construction of coupling equation, the coal stress field - gas field and the role of fissures field coupling under slight deformation of the coal body affected the macroscopic properties of the coal, the distribution of gas pressure were given in the body in different injury cases coal. A multi-field coupling effect the coal body micro damage accumulation was induced coal development through cross-scale nonlinear cascade macro cataclysm. And then, from the point of view of energy, the coal containing gas body injury fracture criterion was given.