In order to study the effect of smooth blasting directional fracture under decoupled and coupling of different media charge structure, get the best charge structure and then solve the technical problems existing in the engineering blasting, four kinds of charge structure were used water-air coupling, water coupling, air coupling and water decoupled) as the engineering background of Huatai coal mine in the laboratory and in the field, the blasting effect was analyzed and contrasted, the experimental results show that it make the surrounding rock or reserved rock face have a good completeness and stability to in Huatai coal mine with water coupling blasting.