The geo-statistics, geographic information system (GIS) and traditional descriptive statistics was combined to analyze spatial variability characteristics of the topsoil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) in Tongyu County, Jilin province in the West Songnen Plain, and the influence was discussed, such as different altitudes, slopes, soil types and artificial fertilizer on spatial variability characteristics of SOM and TN. The results show that: 1) The content of farmland soil organic matter is higher in the Midwest and lower in the Northeast and Northwest. Then the content of total nitrogen is high in the North and low in the West south in Tongyu County, Jilin province; 2) The spatial variability characteristics of SOM and TN with different altitudes is not significant in change; 3) The content of SOM and TN drastically reduces as the slope increases; 4) The content of SOM and TN on light chernozem, chestnut soil and meadow is higher than the sand soil and swamp soil, etc.; 5) There is low correlation between artificial fertilizer and the spatial variability of SOM and TN in Tongyu county. This result illustrate that the natural environment factors are the main control forces of the spatial pattern of SOM and TN in this county.