Study on composition rules and pattern changes of ecosystem during the rapid development of economy and society has an important guiding significance for the construction of well-off society, how to handle the relationship between environment and development. The remote sensing information technology and GIS space was used to investigate and assess the changes of land use and landscape pattern dynamic in Hunan Province during 2000~2010. The results showed that, Woodland, cultivated land and Shrub land is the main ecosystem types in Hunan Province during 2000~2010, which respectively accounted for 411%, 30.0%, 20% of the whole province area, while wetlands, urban land, grassland and bare land made only 7.9% in total. Most of spatial pattern change of ecosystem and the bidirectional transformation mainly occurre in the urban land and farmland ecological system. The urban area of increase mostly come from cultivated land, woodland and shrub land. The area of farmland decrease mostly come from urban land. Ecological environment is getting better in Hunan Province during 2000~2010. The patches in woodland, shrub land, cultivated land and bare land declined in its number and which of area increased, and terrestrial ecosystems function and condition is becoming better. But patch Fragmentation of ecological system is relatively large, and landscape is poor integrity. Human economic activities are the main factors to spatial patterns change of ecosystem. In view of the above, the government should take policies of the maximum slow the development of important ecological function areas in eastern, southern, western, Dongting Lake area in Hunan Province, core area to prohibit the development. It is necessary to prohibit farmland to develop urban land, and strictly abide by the cultivated land redline. The construction of city green land patch pattern and urban green corridors could contribute to maintaining the regional ecological system continuity, and promoting the sustainable development of social economy and ecological protection.