China is one of the most serious geological disasters in the world, and it is a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property. Hunan Province is one of the provinces in China whose geological disasters are more serious and the water system is rich, there are lots of rivers and lakes geological hazards. Take Lixian as an example, the development characteristics, distribution and formation factors etc. were introduced of piping and bank collapse in rivers and lakes area and the corresponding prevention and control measures were put forward, finally, the prone area of geological disasters in rivers and lakes area was conducted, it made the good actual effect. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has practical guidance significance for the prevention of geological disaster in rivers and lakes area.