Mesoporous calcium silicate was prepared from calcium nitrate and sodium silicate using sodium dodecyl sulfonate as a template by means of co-precipitation. The calcium silicate synthesized was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and Brunauer-emmett-teller (BET). The adsorption performance of mesoporous calcium silicate synthesized for Pb2+, and its desorption regeneration performance was also studied. The results show that, the mesoporous calcium silicate synthesized has mesoporous slit-pore structure, with a specific surface area of 250.12 m2·g-1, and 4-50 nm pore size; the adsorption capacities of mesoporous calcium silicate for Pb2+ is 613.42 mg·g-1 at 298 K，which is far greater than that by activated carbon with a specific surface area of 847.47 m2·g-1. The adsorption between heavy metal ions and mesoporous calcium silicate synthesized is an endothermic reaction and in line with the theory of Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The adsorption capacity and removal rate for Pb2+ have only decreased 37.64 mg·g-1 and 5.88% after 5 times elution-regeneration, respectively, indicating that the mesoporous calcium silicate synthesized is of excellent adsorption and regeneration performance.