Based on the coal mine geological data of dozens of small coal mines development of Anyuan coal measures from the Chengtanjiang mining area of Liuyang in eastern Hunan, comprehensive analysis show that the Anyuan coal measures from Chengtanjiang mining area is formed by delta depositional system.The delta is a shallow water and high construction delta that formed by a river into the southeast of the Hunan-Jiangxi galf from the Jiangnan palaeocontinental after Anyuan movement, and eventually evolved into a large delta of thousand square kilometers after the transformation of two regional Sanwan and Sandu epeirogenetic. The research shows that the mine geological data actually revealed characteristics of coal (rock) layer and the surrounding rock, which is used for more accurate analysis of the sedimentary environment. Through integral analysis of the comprehensive mine geological data from multiple coal seams, multiple mine, especially supplemented with appropriate investigation of superficial geological survey, we can perfectly reveal the history of the formation and development of this complex sedimentary system such as delta, was perfectly revealed.