Marshall test index can characterize the volume characteristics and material composition of asphalt mixture, and has significant influence on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture. In order to study the influence between Marshall test index of asphalt mixture and mechanical parameters of structure design, tensile strength and tensile modulus of asphalt mixture were tested under different asphalt dosage, different test temperature and different loading rate. The results show that the tensile pressure parameters of asphalt mixture have good correlation with Marshall test index under different influence factors. The mechanical parameters of asphalt mixture first increase and then decrease with the increase of oil stone ratio and flow value. The tensile pressure parameters reach the maximum value when the oil stone ratio is 4.75%, and the maximum value is also present when the flow value is 2.8. The tensile pressure parameters were positively correlated with the increase of the bulk density of wool. The tensile pressure parameters have the maximum value when the void ratio is 3%. Based on this, the quantitative models between tensile pressure parameters and oil stone ratio, flow value and gross volume density are established, which can provide reference for the selection of surface mechanical parameters in pavement design with different mechanical characteristics.