Asediment microbial fule cell(SMFC)is aspecial type of microbial fuel cell(MFC), with electrogenic microorganisms in the sediment able to degrade organic compounds present in sediment to generateelectricity, and it has the potential of insitu restoration of freshwater. A SMFC system was constructed, with lake sediment as anode substrate andsimulating phosphorus solution as cathode solution. The electricity generation and total phosphorus (TP) removal in water were also studied. As results, the SMFC system successfully generate electricity, with the highest output voltage up to 0.28 V after 22 days’ operation (under 1 000Ω external resistance). During the stable operation of SMFC, the content of loss on ignition in sediment decreased from 4.42% to 1.91%, and meanwhile the sedimentary potential and pH significantly increased, i.e., from -254 mV、6.02 to -183 mV、7.34, respectively. Moreover, TP concentration in water obviously decreased from 10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in SMFC system due to the adsorption by the sediment. This may be related to the increase of sedimentary potential and pH in SMFC system.